Smart Sensory Systems
Description
- Project Title:
- Smart Sensory Systems
- Acronym:
- SSS
- Number:
- 6961
- Work Area:
- Neural Networks & Neuroscience
- Coordinator:
- Univeristà degli studi di Genova
DIP-INFM
Via Dodecaneso, 33
I - 16146 Genova
- Coordinator Country:
- I
- Partners
- CNRS Marseille F
CNR-ICB I
University of Bristol UK
University of Cambridge UK
University of Loughborough UK
- Contact Point:
- Prof. V. Torre
- Telephone:
- +39/10 3536311
- Fax:
- +39/10 314218
- E-Mail:
- torre@genova.infn.it
- Keywords:
- neural networks, machine vision, robotics, neuroscience, sensors
- Start Date:
- 1 October 92
- Duration:
- 36 months
- Status:
- starting
- Abstract:
- The project focuses on the analysis of natural and artificial sensors and is providing a better understanding of the information processing of sensory data occurring at the initial stages in vision, olfaction and hearing. Several biological mechanisms have been identified which are used to design electronic ear and develop efficient control strategies for robots.
AIMS
The major aims of the project are twofold: to obtain a quantitative description of information processing occurring in early stages of vision, olfaction and hearing; and to propose new hardware architecture which will be useful for robotics. The specific aims of the project are to:
- obtain quantitative models of phototransduction, chemotransduction and mechanotransduction
- obtain an adequate understanding of information processing in the vertebrate visual and auditory systems
- compare properties and functions of natural and artificial sensors and design an electronic ear and analyse better strategies for the autonomous navigation of a mobile vehicle.
APPROACH AND METHODS
The project is interdisciplinary: it gathers expertise and knowledge from different fields, such as psychology, physics and information science, and intends to use both theoretical and experimental approaches. Modelling will explore analytical solutions (obtained by solving ordinary and/or partial differential equations) and computer simulations. Models will be compared with experimental results which already have been published, or with results specifically obtained in this project. The experimental analysis will use a variety of electrophysiological and optical techniques. The project also aims at making a comparison between artificial and natural sensors in order to see which features of biological sensory processing can be useful in designing new sensors or robots. In particular, the consortium will investigate an electronic ear. By comparing techniques inspired by the nervous system of the fly and traditional control techniques inspired by artificial intelligence, the team will also analyse the best strategies for controlling the navigation of a mobile vehicle.
PROGRESS AND RESULTS
During the first year of the project some relevant results have been obtained in the understanding of natural and artificial sensors:
- the model of early stages of phototransduction, originally developed for amphibian photoreceptors, has been successfully extended to human photoreceptors.
- the gating properties of light sensitive channels in photoreceptors have been quantitatively analysed and clarified - the exact relation between odor concentration and amplitude of response in olfactory neurons has been obtained for the first time under controlled conditions.
- significant progress has been made in the modelling of the information processing of sound in the auditory system.
- reactive behaviours and intelligent strategies have been combined in mobile robots, able to perform complex tasks.
- several visual routines useful for the autonomous navigation of a vehicle moving in outdoor environments have been developed and tested.
POTENTIAL
The project is producing results which will be useful for industrial exploitations. The blueprint and the VLSI chip of the electronic ear is clearly relevant to automatic speech processing and many tasks in office automation. The development of visual routines for outdoor navigation and best strategies for controlling robots has generated interest in several European industries and agencies.
LATEST PUBLICATIONS
- Firestein S, Picco C and Menini A The relation between stimulus and response in isolated olfactory receptor cells of the tiger salamander, J. Physiol 468, pp. 1-10 (1993)
- Sesti F, Straforini M, Lamb T D and Torre V Gating selectivity and blockage of single channels activated by cyclic GMP in retinal rods of the tiger salamander J. Physiol., in press (1993)
- Martinengo A, Campani M and Torre V Complex Tasks and Robots Proc. of IEEE Conference on Intelligent Vehicles, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 171-179 (1993)
- Franceschini N, Pichon J M and Blanes C From insect vision to robot vision Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 337, pp. 283-294 (1992)
- Meddis R, Hewitt M J A computer model of the physiological basis of the extraction of pitch from tone complexes The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 93, No. 4, p. 2410 (1993)
- Breton M E, Schueller A W, Lamb T D and Pugh E N Jr Analysis of a-wave amplification and kinetics in terms of the G-protein cascade of phototransduction Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, in press (1993)
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES
The results obtained in this project have been disseminated within the scientific community, by oral presentations in many international conferences and symposia. Several contacts with European companies have been established in order to strengthen interactions and collaborations.
Sven Müßig, last update 07-nov-1995. Your feedback is welcome.